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02 / EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

New possibilities.
Meaningful questions.

Exploring how virtual reality and artificial intelligence can support engagement, exploration, reflection and understanding—with educational purpose at the centre.

FEATURED / RESEARCH-LED IMMERSIVE LEARNING

VR Ed-Explorer.
Science, experienced differently.

ORIGINAL PROJECT
Original illustrated cardboard VR headsetVR ED-EXPLORER / GRADES 9–10

An educational VR application based on Pakistan’s secondary-school science curriculum.

The project brings together educational research, learning experience design and interaction design to investigate purposeful, accessible immersive learning.

ARHUM’S ROLE

Research · Learning design · UX · 3D modelling · Development

TOOLS & AUDIENCE

Unity · Google VR SDK · 3D Studio Max
Grade 9–10 students in Pakistan

Watch the original demonstration ↘
01 / IDENTIFY

Recognise scientific structures.

Identify scientific terminology, structures and their relationships.

02 / OBSERVE

Think in three dimensions.

Apply critical thinking through observation of scientific constructs and objects in 3D space.

03 / REFLECT

Explain through evidence.

Engage in reflection through observation and evidence-based reasoning.

Intended learning outcomes from the original portfolio; not a claim of measured learning gains.

SEE THE ORIGINAL WORK

Inside the experience.

Watch on YouTube ↗
01

Define

Goal, audience, scope and key features.

02

Plan

Storyboards and interaction wireframes.

03

Build

Unity development and 3D Studio Max assets.

04

Refine

Usability study, controls and visual improvements.

05

Implement

Preparation for an experiment in schools.

NEW / CLEARLY LABELLED PORTFOLIO CONCEPT

A lesson beyond the headset.

Try a proposed prepare–explore–reflect lesson with an accessible screen-based circuit activity.

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AI IN EDUCATION

More than capability.
Context, equity and care.

What does meaningful AI adoption look like in different educational contexts?

Arhum’s interests include the pedagogical, ethical and practical implications of AI, and its relationship with creativity, learner engagement and educational opportunity.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATION / OER25

The Role of AI in Strengthening or Challenging Educational Disparities Amongst Developing Countries: A Contextual Perspective from Pakistan

Khan, A. & Khan, W.
Association for Learning Technology · London, UK

MANUSCRIPT / LISTED AS UNDER REVIEW

Aligning AI in Education to Global Development Goals: Conceptual Perspective from Pakistan

Khan, A., Khan, W., & Nadeem, S.

Status as listed in the source portfolio.

RESEARCH OUTPUTS / IMMERSIVE LEARNING

From exploration
to shared knowledge.

01 / JOURNAL ARTICLE · 2026

An exploratory study on the prospects and challenges of low-cost Immersive Virtual Reality among experienced secondary school science teachers of Pakistan and Northern Ireland.

Khan, A. N., Roulston, S., Woods, C., Jackson, H., & Taggart, S. · Irish Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 10(1).

Read the publication ↗
02 / LISTED AS IN PRESS

Designing and Implementing a low-cost VR learning experience for Secondary School Science in Pakistan.

Khan, A. N., Malik, M. M., Iqbal, S., & Maqsood, M. · Issues and Trends in Learning Technologies.

Status as listed in Arhum’s source portfolio.

Project details and research listings are drawn from .

CONTINUE EXPLORING

Learning is the common thread.

Explore courses, games and resources designed around the learner.

Instructional design ↗